| Hashim هاشم |
|
|---|---|
| Sultan of Brunei | |
| Reign | 1885–1906 (death) |
| Born | 1850-1860? (his "official father" died in 1852) |
| Birthplace | Brunei |
| Died | 1906 |
| Place of death | Brunei |
| Buried | Kubah Makam Di Raja |
| Predecessor | Abdul Momin |
| Successor | Muhammad Jamalul Alam II |
| Consort | Pengiran Isteri Fatimah |
| Offspring | Muhammad Jamalul Alam II |
| Father | Omar Ali Saifuddin II or lover (disputed)[1] |
| Mother | Tuan Zaidah |
Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 25th Sultan of Brunei. He ruled Brunei from 1885 to 1906. Sultan Hashim was either the son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II or the son of his mother's lover.[2] Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old.
Sultan Hashim inherited a much smaller kingdom than when his father was Sultan. He knew that both the British North Borneo Company and the Brooke government in Sarawak wanted more lands from Brunei and Brunei was not strong enough to stop them from taking control of these lands. Therefore, although he was aware of Sultan Abdul Momin’s Amanat, he still had to sign an agreement to cede Terusan to Sarawak.
During Sultan Hashim’s reign, two important agreements were made between Brunei and Britain. The Treaty of Protection of 1888 made Brunei a British Protectorate. However, this treaty did not save Brunei from any foreign intervention because the British did not stop Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett asked Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong to them but Sultan Hashim refused and said, “What would happen to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I should be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs.”
Sultan Hashim felt that the British were not really protecting Brunei. He sought help from Sultan Abdul Hamid of Turkey. The British discovered this and decided to send Malcolm McArthur to solve the problems in Brunei. Therefore, the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906 was signed. Under this treaty, Brunei accepted a British Resident to advise the Sultan on both external and internal affairs except those relating to Islam and Malay customs.
Sultan Hashim died in 1906 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Muhammad Jamalul Alam II.
| Preceded by Abdul Momin |
Sultan of Brunei 1885 – 1906 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Jamalul Alam II under British protectorate |